Right-Bank Forest-Steppe Of Ukraine Research Articles

Monitoring of the species composition and number of insects and mites on the apple trees in the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

Goal. To monitor the species composition and abundance of insects and mites on apple trees in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
 Methods. Field, laboratory, microscopic, mathematical, statistical and calculation methods. The research was carried out according to generally accepted methods in entomology and plant protection, starting in early spring (late April — early May before harvest).
 Results. Monitoring of the number of insect pests and mites on apple trees in three types of plantations was carried out: a young orchard on stunted rootstocks with an intensive protection system; an old orchard on tall rootstocks with a protection system; an old orchard without treatments (long-term control).
 Conclusions. Monitoring of species composition and dynamics of pests number makes it possible to study and substantiate the patterns in the structure of insect and mite populations, to predict their harmfulness and to improve the protection system of apple trees or its individual components.

EFFECTS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON WINTER GARLIC PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND PERFORMANCE

Purpose. To improve elements of winter garlic cultivation technology in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The study was intended to locally apply mineral fertilizers at different doses and to assess their effect on the winter garlic yield. Methods. Field, statistical, computational, analytical, laboratory. Results. The study demonstrated that local application of mineral fertilizers influenced quantitative and qualitative characteristics and increased the yield of winter garlic cv. 'Prometei'. The largest vegetative mass of winter garlic was formed at mineral fertilizer doses of N10P10K40 and N13P40K13; in these experimental variants, plants were 38.6–38.0% taller than the control ones;  the leaf area increased by 110.7–115.2 cm2/plant. At mineral fertilizer doses of N30P10K10 and N20N20N20, the parameters were slightly lower; however, plants were 37.3 and 36.5% taller than in the control, respectively, and the leaf area increased by 40.5–42.7 cm2/plant. The application of fertilizers during the winter garlic cultivation helped to increase the yield. The best results were obtained with local fertilization at N10P10K40 and N13P40K13: 7.7–5.9 t/ha more was harvested than in the control. Mineral fertilizer doses of N30P10K10 and N20N20N20 raised the yield by 5.1 and 3.1 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Thus, in the study of the effects of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the winter garlic performance, it was shown that the largest vegetative mass was produced at N10P10K40 and N13P40K13: in these experimental variants, plants were 6.9 and 7.9 cm taller than control ones, respectively, and the assimilation surface increased by 110.7–115.2 cm2/plant. Positive changes were observed in the N30P10K10 and N20N20N20 experiments: plants were 5.7 and 4.3 cm taller, respectively, and the leaf area increased by 40.5–42.7 cm2/plant. The application of fertilizers during the winter garlic cultivation helped to increase the crop yield. The best results were recorded when mineral fertilizers were applied at doses of N10P10K40 and N13P40K13: the crop yield was 7.1 and 9.4 t/ha, respectively. The mineral fertilizer doses of N30P10K10 and N20N20N20 significantly increased the yield (by 5.8–4.6 t/ha).

Organic cultivation of carrot in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The carrot (Daucus carota var. sativus L.) is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops in the world. It is characterised by prominent taste qualities and a rich chemical composition, which makes it valuable for fresh and processed consumption. Considering the population’s need for high-quality, environmentally friendly products, it is vital to investigate the organic cultivation of the carrot. The purpose of this study was to investigate the organic cultivation of carrots in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The following research methods were used: field, measuring and weighing, mathematical, and statistical. The paper presents findings for 2020-2022, where the growth, development, and formation of the crop under organic cultivation technology were investigated. The phenological phases and their duration, biometric parameters of carrot plants, and their yield were studied. The organic technology of growing carrots helped to reduce the interphase periods. The end of the vegetation period of carrots was observed earlier under organic cultivation technology by 2 and 3 days compared to the control variant. The height of the carrot plants was the highest in the Bolivar F1 hybrid under organic cultivation technology – 37 cm, which is 7 cm more than the control variant. The highest leafiness was observed in the studied variety and hybrid under organic cultivation technology. In the Olympus variety, the increase relative to the control was 3 pcs./plant, in the Bolivar F1 hybrid – 2 pcs./plant. The regularity of increasing the parameters of carrot roots under organic cultivation technology was noted. The increase in the diameter and length of the root crop under organic cultivation technology was 1.0-2.0 cm and 3 cm, respectively. The largest weight of root crops was under organic cultivation technology, where the increase relative to the control variant was 5 g for the Olympus variety and 7 g for the Bolivar F1 hybrid. When using organic technology, which involves biological products, the total yield of root crops increased by 3.1 t/ha compared to the control variant

Influence of sowing dates on the biometric parameters formation of cold-resistant plants of sugar beet seeds using the direct method (no-planting method)

The influence of sowing dates on the formation of biometric indicators of cold-resistant sugar beet seed plants in the autumn-winter period was studied using the direct method (non-planting method) under conditions of unstable moisture in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. The purpose of the study was to determine the biometric indicators of the root crops of sugar beet seeds, which contribute to the formation of cold-resistant plants and their preservation in the autumn-winter period using the direct method (no-seeding method) of growing at different sowing times. The research was conducted during 2021–2023 at the Bila Tserkva Research and Selection Station, Bila Tserkva District, Kyiv region, in conditions of unstable moisture in the Right Bank Forest Steppe. The experiment was carried out in accordance with the methodological requirements for field assessment of seed crops of sugar, fodder beets, methods of field experiment and the methods of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. It was found out that the formation of biometric indicators of roots of sugar beet seeds, which correspond to the indicators of cold-resistant plants, were optimal during the first period of sowing and had higher preservation. In 2021–2022, the preservation of non-emergent seeds of the first sowing period was 71.7 % of the emergency component, 38.0 % of the multi-seeded pollinator, which is quite enough to obtain seeds of the second season, respectively, 64.9 and 35.8 %. In 2022–2023 the survival rate of non-emergent seed plants of the first sowing period was 76.4 % of the component emergency, multi-seeded pollinators – 73.9 %, the second term – the component emergency was 71 %, of the multi-seeded pollinator – 38.4 %. The research results show the prospects of using the direct method (no-planting method) of growing sugar beet seeds in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Key words: biometric indicators, cold resistance parameters, plant growth and development, sugar beet seeds, plant preservation.

Representation of in situ forest genetic resources of broadleaf tree species according to forest types in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

The article analyzes the formation and localization of in situ forest genetic resource conservation facilities in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in terms of the main forest types. Peculiarities of the state and selection structure of the forest genetic reserves (FGR) and plus stands (PS) were studied. The established that the largest area of forest genetic reserves and plus stands of broadleaves forests within the Right Bank Forest-Steppe is concentrated in the Vinnytsia region, based on the results of the research. The largest number and largest areas of these objects are concentrated in this region. It was established that the largest area of FGR located in fresh forest type conditions — 3475.9 ha, according to the distribution of forest genetic reserves and plus stands. The largest number of objects — 92 (78.0%) — is concentrated in this type of forest. The largest area of FGR is concentrated in fresh hornbeam beech — 842.3 ha in the Roztoch-Opil district of the forest typological region. There are 44 genetic reserves located in the conditions of the Podilsk sector of the Polysk-Prikarpattia district of wet hornbeam forests of the forest typological region of the wet cluster 3d. The largest area of forest stands is fresh beech forest — 234.0 ha. There are 40 FGR with a total area of 2,001 hectares of fresh hornbeam forests in the Podilskyi and Pravoberezhny sectors of the Dnipro tipologycal district. Forest genetic reserves are mainly concentrated in fresh hornbeam forest — 1584.6 hectares (29 units). The representation of the objects of in situ conservation of the gene pool of forest tree species in terms of forest types is insufficient and reflects only 16% of the entire diversity of forest ecosystems within the boundaries of the Roztoch-Opil district and 21–24% of the Dnipro districts of Polisko-Prikarpatskiy. This requires the introduction of measures for the additional creation of forest genetic reserves in other types of forest with the aim of the widest possible representation of the ecosystem diversity of the forest landscapes of the region.

DISTRIBUTION OF Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. IN THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE AND ITS ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL

Invasions of alien species have become a global problem worldwide. Our paper presents the results of the study of the chorology of the invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. within the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (RBFSU). We identified 13 new growth areas in the study area. These studies cover the observation and recording of the phenological behaviour of this species during 2020-2021. Although phenological observations are mainly carried out on cultivated plants, the data obtained as a result of the study is an important resource for preparing an invasive species control plan. Based on the indicators of temperature fluctuations, drought tolerance, light tolerance, relation to soil fertility, reproduction and shoot regeneration of A. artemisiifolia, a scoring method was proposed using the coefficient of complex adaptive potential (CCAP). However, our work is a pioneering study aimed at counteracting the spread of alien plants.

The effect of the basic tillage system on soybean weediness in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Goal. To improve the system of soybean crops weed control under different methods of tillage.
 Methods. Field and laboratory experiment, mathematical and statistical method to assess the reliability of the obtained results.
 Results. The researched species composition of weeds in soybean crops included 12 species of 7 families, with a predominance of dicotyledonous species (80.1—93.3%), regardless of the tillage method the proportion of the monocotyledonous species made up 6.7—19.9%. The following species were most common: Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Polygonum lapathifolia L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Pal. Beauv. and Setaria glauca (L.) Pal. Beauv. The maximum weediness of soybean crops before herbicides application was observed under the moldboardless main tillage use (to a depth of 10—12 cm) and amounted to 481.5 pcs./m2, of which dicotyledonous species made up 81.7% and monocots — 18.3%. The lowest number of weeds (at the level of 254 pcs./m2) was observed under the No-till technology, the share of dicot species made up 80.1%. With the use of the moldboard tillage in soybean crops before herbicides use, the total number of weeds was 425.5 pcs./ m2, where annual dicotyledonous species predominated (93.3%). Soybean crops subject to herbicides use on the moldboard tillage variant formed a 2.49 t/ha yield, which was 50% higher than that of the weeded control variant. The use of the moldboardless tillage and No-till technology ensured productivity in the range of 2.34—2.40 t/ ha.
 Conclusions. Regardless of the soil tillage method, dicotyledonous weed species occupied from 80.1 to 93.3% of the soybean crops, with the predominance of Chenopodium album L., the share of which was 66.6—77.3% and Polygonum lapathifoliа L. — 17.6—24.9%. The use of various methods of soil tillage and weed control ensures elimination of weeds at the level of 91.0—91.5% and maintaining productivity in the range of 45—50%.

BREEDING VALUE OF SHALLOT CULTIVARS AND LOCAL FORMS IN TERMS OF ECONOMIC CHARACTERS FOR THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Purpose. To indentify the best shallot cultivars and local forms by growing period length, bulb yield, leaf productivity, and bulb weight and number per clump in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Statistical processing, field assessments, computational and analytical methods. Results. Collection shallot accessions were evaluated for growing period lengthand, bulb weight, number and performance. Earlyripening accession ‘Sh-8’ with a vegetation period of 74 days was selected. Local form ‘Sh-1’ from the Kyivska Oblast region turned out to be the best in terms of the mean bulb weight per clump (26.7 g). Accessions from Kyivska (‘Sh-1’, ‘Sh-2’), Dnipropetrovska (‘Sh-6’, ‘Sh-9’), and Chernihivska (‘Sh-10’) Oblasts yielded the most (30.5, 25.4, 18.9, 18.1, and 19.4 t/ha, respectively). The check cultivar, ‘Lira’, yielded 15.5 t/ha. The smallest yields were harvested from the following accessions: ‘Sh-4’ (12.2 t/ha), ‘Sh-7’ (12.0 t/ha), ‘Sh-11’ (11.9 t/ha), ‘Sh-12’ (13.8 t/ha ha), ‘Sh-13 (13.2 t/ha), and ‘Sh-14’ (13.0 t/ha). Two accessions, which came from the Kyivska (‘Sh-3)’ and Dnipropetrovska (‘Sh-6’) Oblasts were found to be best adapted to the environmental conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Their Lewis’s phenotypic stability factors were close to 1. A local form from the Dnipropetrovska Oblast, ‘Sh 9’ was the worst adapted accessions, as its Lewis’s phenotypic stability factor was as high as 1.2. The maximum leaf length was recorded for accessions from the Kyivska (‘Sh-1’, ‘Sh-2’; 38.0 and 35.8 cm, respectively) and Chernihivska (‘Sh-10’; 36.2 cm) Oblasts. Conclusions. Due to this study, shallot accessions with short growing periods, great weights and numbers of bulbs and yield were selected for the conditions in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. ‘Sh-1’ sample originating from the Kyivska Oblast showed the best results in terms of the bulb weight (26.7 g) and yield (30.5 t/ha). However, it turned out to be late-ripening (86 days), and only formed on average 4 bulbs per clump. The maximum leaf length was 38 cm was. ‘Sh-8’, a local form from the Dnipropetrovska Oblast, was the most early-ripening (74 days).

Influence of weather conditions on wintering of winter rape depending on intensification factors

Purpose and objectives of the study. The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of wintering of winter rape depending on the factors of intensification in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. General scientific and special research methods were used in the course of the work. Results. Weather conditions have made their adjustments over the years of research, especially significant impact on wintering of winter rape had the amount of precipitation over the years of research and varied greatly. Pre-sowing treatment and foliar fertilization of plants were of great importance, these measures had a positive effect on the studied aspects. It also contributed to the accumulation of high sugar content in the root collar of plants, the formation of a greater accumulation of absolutely dry plant mass, which accordingly provided a higher percentage of winter hardiness of winter rape plants by 8.0-10.3%. Analyzing the research, we indicate that the use of growth regulators in foliar feeding of winter rape plants against the background of pre-sowing seed treatment had a significant effect on the wintering of rape. Treatment of winter rape seeds with Vitavax 200 FF, 34 % w.c.c., before sowing, with growth regulator Vympel-K significantly increased field germination, and their joint use provided a more positive effect. Conclusions. The use of the growth regulator Vympel-K (500 g/t) indicated that the wintering of plants was better compared to the control (untreated seeds) and almost 5.8% higher than in the variants with seed treatment with Vitavax 200 FF, 34% w.c.k. (2.5 l/t). The use of the growth regulator Vympel foliarly in the fall in the rosette phase of 5-6 leaves against the background of pre-sowing seed treatment with Vitavax 200 FF, 34 % w.c. + growth regulator Vympel-K provided better growth and development of plants.

Influence of mineral fertilizers and technological factors on the growth and productivity of winter triticale varieties

Purpose. To study the influence of varieties and technological methods on the winter triticale productivity formation grown in the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. General scientific methods were used: hypothesis, experiment, `observation and data analysis, as well as field research, laboratory analysis, mathematical and statistical ones. Results. Overwintering of plants of winter triticale varieties ranged from 76.3 to 84.4% with a 2.9-8.1% difference between varieties. The Bozhich variety showed the highest overwintering rate (82.0-87.8%), while the Desyatynne variety showed the lowest one (72.5-78.9%). The vegetation period increased under the conditions of mineral fertilizers application: from 288 to 294 days when applying N45P45K45 + N60 at the II-IV stages of organogenesis and up to 299 days under application of the N45P45K45 + N90 (N30 III) + N30 (IV) + N30 (VII) fertilization system. Fertilization had a positive effect on the habit of the plants in the earing phase: the Desyatinne variety showed the greatest increase in height (from 19.4 to 32.4 cm) and was prone to lodging. The lowest level of yield (1.69-4.14 t/ha) was obtained on control options without fertilizer. The Bohodarske and Bozhich varieties demonstrated significantly higher levels of average productivity – 5.03-5.59 t/ha of grain with a slight predominance of the Bozhich variety. Desyatynne and Bohodarske varieties under the highest rate of seed sowing (6 million/ha) and, accordingly, the highest plant stand density formed the highest biological yield of grain. The Bozhich variety, thanks to its compensatory properties, increased indicators of individual plant productivity and better bushiness, ensured the highest biological yield of grain at the lowest seeding rate (3.5 million/ha). Conclusions. The correct selection of sowing rates and fertilization systems helps to increase the grain yield of various varieties of winter triticale. Bozhich and Bohodarske varieties showed the best yield results. The importance of agrotechnical methods optimization for each variety of winter triticale aimed at achieving the highest productivity level and thus the efficient cultivation has been confirmed.

Yield and quality of Panicum virgatum (Panicum virgatum L.) seed depending on varietal characteristics

The article presents the results of research on millet seeds the crop formation and the quality, depending on its varietal characteristics. It was experimentally proven that in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the passage of phenological phases of growth and development of millet depended both on varietal characteristics (groups of varietal maturity) and on the number of effective temperatures. The crop yield and quality depended on the phenological phases of growth and development, particularly the phases of flowering and seed formation and their conditions. On average, over three years, early and late ripening varieties had signifcantly lower seed yield compared to other variety samples. Early-ripening, mid-early and mid-late varieties had signifcantly higher seed yield. The lowest productivity was in the very early sample of Dakota – 88.3 kg/ha. The yield of very late varieties – Nezalezhnist, Kanlow and Lyadivske – made 89.7, 88.3 and 99.4 kg/ha, respectively. The study on factors affecting seed yield established that the influence of the factor "variety" was the largest and amounted to 61.1 %, and the factor of "growing conditions" affected the crop less – 11.9 %. Germination energy and seed germination, as well as its yield, depended on the maturity groups of the variety samples. Very early, early-ripening and medium-ripening varieties had the highest quality indicators, no signifcant difference was found depending on varietal characteristics. The mid-late varieties had signifcantly lower quality indicators, and the lowest quality was the very late Kanlow variety. The study on factors affecting seed quality established that the influence of the "year conditions" factor on germination energy and germination was the greatest and was 37.6–48 %, and the "variety" factor was 33.8 and 30 %, respectively. It was found that the later is the variety is of the maturity group, the higher is the sum of effective temperatures it needs and, accordingly, the longer the onset of the phenological phases of growth and development of the crop, which affects the features of seed formation and ripening and, accordingly, its quality and yield. The mid-late varieties had signifcantly lower quality indicators and the lowest ones were observed in the very late variety. Mid-late, late and very late varieties do not ripen biologically, which affects the seeds quality its germination is very low. Key words: variety samples, maturity groups, germination energy, germination, phenological phases of growth and development.

The influence of environmentally safe preparations on the yield and infection by winter wheat diseases in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe

Goal. To assess the impact of seed and crop treatment with biopreparations, as well as the introduction of a biodestructor into the soil, on the productivity of winter wheat and its damage by diseases. Methods. Field — for registration of diseases of winter wheat; quantity and weight — for determination of the crop structure; mathematical-statistical — for finding out the reliability of the results obtained. Results. It was established that pre-sowing treatment of seeds with ecologically safe preparations (Vympel-K, Organic-balance, MikoHelp) helps to increase the yield of winter wheat by 2.6–8.8% in the case of seed treatment with the Organic-balance preparation and introduction of the Organic-balance biodestructer into the soil. Foliar treatment with Organic-balance helped to increase yield by 5.9–9.2%, and application of the biodestructor Organic-balance to the soil increased by 2.9–6.3%. In addition, seed treatment with biopreparations and a biodestructor reduced the spread of root rot to 6.9–9.6% compared to 14.2% in the control variant. The treatment of crops with the drug Organic-balance restrained the spread of powdery mildew of wheat to 60–64% compared to 77–80% in the control. Conclusions. Application of biologically safe preparations (Organic-balance biodestructor — in the amount of 1.5 l/ha, Vympel-K — 0.5 l/t, Organic-balance — 1.5 l/t, MikoHelp — 3.0 l/t), treatment per leaf (Organic-balance — 0.5 l/ha) contributed to a significant (2.9–9.2%) increase in the productivity of winter wheat and a reduction in its damage by diseases. Preparations for seed treatment showed a higher percentage efficiency — an increase in yield by 5.7–8.8% in areas where the destructor was not applied and foliar treatment was not carried out compared to the background (2.6–4.1%), where these measures did not conduct. Treatment with the biological preparation MikoHelp gives the greatest effect. Its use contributes to an increase in yield by 4.1–8.8%, or 0.24–0.45 t/ha. The specified ecologically safe elements of agricultural technology are recommended to be used to improve ecologically safe technologies for growing winter wheat in agro-formations of various forms of ownership of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine.

Seed productivity of camelina sativa plants depending on the method of sowing and the rate of sowing in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Seed productivity of camelina sativa plants depending on the method of sowing and the rate of sowing in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Photosynthetic parameters of winter pea sowings under the effect of nitrogen fertilization and seed inoculation in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To evaluate the photosynthetic parameters of winter pea sowings under the effect of seed inoculation and nitrogen fertilization in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research was carried out in the years 2019–2021 in the fields of the Agronomic Research Station (a division of NULES of Ukraine, Kyiv region). Winter pea ‘NS Moroz’ was sown in the second half of September at the rate of 1.2 million seeds/ha. The width of the rows was 15 cm, and the seed sowing depth was 4–4.5 cm. The design of the experiment provided for the combined use of such technological factors as seed inoculation (without inoculation; Optimize Pulse, 3.3 l/t) and nitrogen fertilizer [main application + early spring top dressing (N0; N15 + N15; N15 + N30; N15 + N45; N30 + N0; N30 + N15; N30 + N30; N45 + N0; N45 + N15; N60 + N0)]. P45K45 was also applied in the primary fertilization as a background. Results. Seed inoculation and nitrogen fertilizers positively affect the photosynthetic activity of winter pea; however, the efficiency of their action largely depends on the application doses and timing, as well as the stage of crop development. It was established that in the autumn period of winter pea vegetation (complete sprouting–stalking), the influence of the studied agrotechnical measures on the leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic potential (PP), and net photosynthetic productivity (NPP) was mostly insignificant. In the period of spring-summer vegetation, the effect of the factor of seed inoculation, as well as early spring fertilization with nitrogen, increased significantly, while the main fertilization decreased. The highest LAI (on average according to the experiment 31.4 thousand m2/ha) was formed in the flowering stage, PP during the stages of bean formation – ripening of seeds (0.75 million m²/ha per day). The use of seed inoculation compared to options without it contributed to the increase of these indicators by 5.33 and 0.17 million m2/ha per day, respectively. In the experiment, the maximum values of both LAI (35.77–36.45 thousand m²/ha) and PP (0.91–0.93 million m2/ha per day) were obtained when applying N15 + N30–45 and N30 + N30 on the background of seed inoculation, while the minimal in control treatments (N0). The regularities of the formation of the NPP were radically different. Its highest indicators during the period of the beginning of vegetation – budding (as well as in the following interphase stages) were observed primarily with the minimal application of fertilizers (N30 + N0, N15 + N15) or in the control treatments (N0), 8.1–9.2 g/m2 per day. Seed inoculation had no significant effect on the formation of NPP. The maximum content of chlorophyll a in plants (5.90 mg/g) was formed in the budding stage, gradually decreasing to 5.74 and 5.05 mg/g in the flowering and bean formation stages, respectively. Instead, the content of chlorophyll b was the lowest in the budding stage (12.37 mg/g), reaching its maximum in the flowering stage (19.71 mg/g) and slightly decreasing in the stage of bean formation – 16.37 mg/g of raw mass. Seed inoculation helped to increase the content of chlorophyll a by an average of 0.9–1.0 mg/g over growth stages and chlorophyll b by 1.4–2.2 mg/g. The best fertilization treatment was N15 + N30–45. Conclusions. Seed inoculation and nitrogen fertilization are significant and effective factors to intensify the photosynthetic activity of winter pea sowings. The patterns of the parameters of leaf s area, photosynthetic potential, net productivity of photosynthesis, and the content of photosynthetic pigments revealed in the study may be used to improve the cultivation technology to fully realize the crop potential productivity under the conditions of the Right Bank Forest‑Steppe of Ukraine.

Breeding value of non-shooting forms of winter garlic in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. To investigate the degree of reduced scape of softneck collection specimens of winter garlic of different ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. During 2020–2022, nine local and introduced varieties of winter garlic (Nos. 19, 27, 33, 43 and 44 from Cherkasy) were stu­died in field conditions (Uman, 48°46’N, 30°14’E) region, No. 14 from Ternopil region, No. 1 from Spain, No. 16 from France and No. 35 from Azerbaijan). Generally accepted methods of genetico-statistical analysis were used to evaluate the garlic collection. Results. The research revealed that the weight of the bulb decreased by 7.6–31.1%, depending on the sample, and the yield by 6.1–38.6% during the formation of a reduced scape. Among the collection samples, according to the “bulb weight” indicator, Nos. 16 and 44 stood out – 57.22 and 52.24 g, respectively, of the sample. Adap­table for this feature were samples Nos. 16, 19 and 44; intensive – Nos. 16, 27, 33 and 44, and stable samples were Nos. 14, 19, 35 and 43. A significant relationship between the coefficient of genetic and environmental variation (CVG/CVA) for the traits “bulb weight” and “yield” was revealed. However, CVG/CVA ratio ≥ 1 is required to obtain high performance. Samples were selected as the initial material for further breeding based on the “yield” feature: according to adaptability and ecological plasticity – Nos. 16 and 44; according to stability – Nos. 19, 35 and 43 and samples of the intensive type – 16, 27, 33 and 44, which will ensure high yields in optimal cultivation conditions. All studied samples that formed air bulbs were characterized by a very large 1000 bulb weight, on average 1156.76 g. The maximum of 1000 bulb weight was characteristic for samples No. 16 and 27 – 1225.73 and 1638.0 g, respectively. Conclusions. The data obtained in the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine will be used to develop a breeding research scheme under the conditions of introduction. As a result of the research, a working collection of raw material was created for the breeding of garlic by the classical method – clonal breeding.

Agrophysical indicators of black soil typical in agrocenose of winter wheat (Triticum vulgare) in the right bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

The article presents the results of scientific research on the influence of four systems of basic tillage such as shelf tillage (ploughing at 20–22 cm), shelfless (chisel-deep-ripper at 20–22 cm), shelf-less tillage shallow (disk harrow at 10–12 cm) and shelflesstillage surface (disk harrow at 6–8 cm), and five preceding crops — peas, soybeans, corn for silage, winter rape, sunflower on compaction density and general porosity of black soil typical for growing winter wheat in the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. According to the results of the research carried out in the stationary field experiment of the LLC «Agrofirma Kolos» educational-scientific-innovative center of agricultural technologies», the soil density and its total porosity determined at the time of sowing winter wheat had optimal parameters for all studied systems of the main tillage and placement of winter wheat after various preceding crops. With an increase in the depth of the studied soil layer, an increase in the index of soil density and a decrease in its total porosity were noted, which is natural. Depending on the system of the main tillage, the soil density in the 0–10 cm soil layer during the sowing period varied from 1.11 to 1.14 g/cm3, with lower values in the version with shelf and non-shelf tillage for 20–22 cm. Analyzing the entire studied layer (0–30 cm) of the soil at the time of crop sowing, it should be noted that both shelf (plow) and shelf-less tillage (chiseldeep-ripper) had close indicators of soil density in the studied layers, the values of which increased from the top to the bottom. With systematic shallow tillage by 12–14 cm and surface tillage by 6–8 cm, the soil layer of 10–20 cm was most compacted, with tendencies towards loosening in the 20–30 cm layer. Among the preceding crops, the higher soil density in the variant with placement of winter wheat after corn on silage is 1.14 g/cm3. The porosity indicator of the upper 0–10 cm soil layer at the time of sowing varied from 57.1% for shelf-less shallow tillage to 58% in the option with shelf tillage at 20–22 cm. The studied predecessors provided parameters of total porosity at the level of 57.5–58.0% for lower indicators in the version with sunflower. The analysis of the investigated indicators during the recovery of vegetation and before harvesting showed an increase in the soil density and a decrease in the number of pores in the soil for all investigated systems of the main tillage and preceding crops. It should be noted that the shelf cultivation of the soil (plowing at 20–22 cm) provided the most optimal parameters of the soil density and porosity of the soil in its individual horizons and in the arable layer as a whole. Other systems of basic tillage, despite the optimal values of agrophysical indicators on average in the arable layer, worsened the physical condition of the soil compared to plowing. The optimal combination of options in the experiment can be considered the use as preceding crops of winter wheat, legumes and winter rape in a complex with chisel tillage of the soil at 20–22 cm. This made it possible to ensure optimal indicators of soil density and general porosity not only in the upper 0–10 cm its thickness, but also in deeper layers.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE COMPLEX SYSTEM OF APPLICATION OF PREPARATIONS OF BACTERIAL ORIGIN FOR THE GROWING OF SWEET PEPPER IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-RIDE-RIVER WOODSTEP

In order to study the impact of a comprehensive system of drugs of bacterial origin, the company BTU-Center monitored biometric indicators and productivity of sweet pepper in the open ground of the Right Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. The early-ripening variety of sweet pepper Aphrodite was used for research. Organic cultivation technology was used in the experiment. Dosing of biological products was carried out according to the manufacturer's recommendations, and the dose of drugs was doubled. Biometric parameters varied depending on the dose of biological products. During the growing season, the height of the plants of the control variant was 32.1 cm, but with the use of the recommended dose of biological products, the height of the plant was 35.3 cm, which is 3.2 cm higher than the control variant. The use of a double dose of biological products provided the highest rates of plant height. The larger diameter of the stem was obtained by applying a double dose of biological products - 8.5 mm. As a result of the use of biological products, the stem diameter exceeded the control variant by 0.8 and 0.9 mm, respectively. In studies, the fruits in all respects corresponded to the technical characteristics of the variety, but their weight was variable. The highest average fruit weight was characterized by plants using a double dose of biological products - 138.9 g. The study indicators exceeded the fruit weight of the control variant by 9.1 and 10.4%. The highest average yield was obtained with a double dose of biological products - 26.4 t / ha. In these variants, the excess yield relative to control was 9.3 and 11%, respectively. As a result of the application of the recommended dose of biological products, the stability of Lewis was - 1.18, and with the use of a double dose - 1.16. The use of organic technology in open ground significantly improves the biometric performance of sweet pepper plants. The use of organic cultivation technology increases the number of fruits per plant, but doubling the dose of biological products does not give a significant advantage over the recommended application rates.

Ecotoxicological assessment of the application of chemical products of plant protection against pests

Goal. To analyze the number of insecticides and acaricides during the cultivation of crops in Ukraine and in the central part of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and to determine the degree of danger of their application.
 Methods. Analytical, economic and statistical, comparative analysis. The analysis of the amount of chemical plant protection products for 2018—2020 was conducted according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Ecotoxicological assessment of 23 chemicals was performed using the Methodologies of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS of Ukraine according to the safety data sheet of the preparations and the properties of the active ingredient. The assessment of the level of potential danger of insecticides and acaricides was performed according to the integrated classification of pesticides according to the degree of danger of their application, taking into account indicators of pesticide toxicity (LD50) and their half-life (T50) in soil.
 Results. In 2018—2020, on average, 1,750.5 thousand kg/ year of chemical pesticides were used in Ukraine, including 279.1 thousand kg in the territory of the Central Forest Steppe. The most common in Ukraine are preparations based on active agent chlorpyrifos (743.0 thousand kg/ year), active agent dimethoate (95 thousand kg/ year) and active agent lambda-cyhalothrin (80.2 thousand kg/ year), which are stable in soil and according to the indicator of acute oral toxicity are classified as hazard classes 2 and 3. The most common acaricides against ticks are those based on active agent clofentezine and pyridaben (3.01 and 3.08 thousand kg/ year, respectively). It was found that insecticides Danadim Mix, EC (Dimetoat, 400 g/ l + Gamma-Cyhalothrin, 4 g/ l), Lamdex, mc.s. (Dimetoat, 400 g/ l + Gamma-Cyhalothrin, 4 g/ l), Rimon Fast, SC (Novaluron, 50 g/ l + Bifenthrin, 50 g/ l), Cezar e.c. (Bifenthrin, 100 g/ l), Shaman, EC (Chlorpyrifos, 500 g/ l + Cypermethrin, 50 g/ l) and acaricide Sunmite, m.p. (Pyridabem, 200 g/ kg) with LD50 55—160 mg/ kg. Most preparations are highly resistant chemical compounds with half-life (Т50) in soil 51-386 days. These are: Aktara 25WG, w.g. (Thiamethoxam, 250 g/ kg), Ampligo 150 ZC, FC (Chlorantraniliprole, 100 g/ l + Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 50 g/ l), Voliam Flexi 300 SC, e.c. (Thiamethoxam, 200 g/ l + Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 100 g/ l), Engio 247 SC, s.c. (Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 106 g/ l + Thiamethoxam, 141 g/ l), Coragen 20, s.c. (Chlorantraniliprole, 200 g/ l), Lamdex, mc.s. (Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 50 g/ l), Mavrik, BE (Tau-fluvalinate, 240 g/ l), Rimon Fast, SC (Novaluron, 50 g/ l + Bifenthrin, 50 g/ l), Cezar e.c. (Bifenthrin, 100 g/ l), Shaman e.c. (Chlorpyrifos, 500 g/ l + Cypermethrin, 50 g/ l), Apollo, s.c. (Clofentesin, 500 g/ l), Sunmite, m.p. (Pyridaben, 200 g/ кg). Conclusions.  In Ukraine and in the Central Forest-Steppe the amounts of chemical plant protection products are considerable, which increases the emergence of environmental risks in agrophytocenosis. Most pesticides contain active agent with a high rate of acute oral toxicity and are classified as hazard class 2. According to the degree of danger level, preparations Decis Profi WG (Deltamethin, 250 g/ кg), Decis f-Lux 25 EC (Deltamethin, 25 g/ l), Kalipso 480 SC (Thiacloprid, 480 g/ l), Kormoran, EC (Novaluron, 100 g/ l + Acetamiprid, 80 g/ l), Proclaim 5 SG (Emamectin benzoane, 50 g/ кg), Rubizh, e.c. (Dimetoat, 400 g/ l) belong to low-hazardper (danger level 6—7). According to the combination of ecotoxicological and sanitary-hygienic indicators, dangerous pesticides (3 degree) include preparations Ampligo 150 ZC, FK (Chlorantraniliprole, 100 g/ l + Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 50 g/ l), Engio 247 SC, s.c. (Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 106 g/ l + Thiamethoxam, 141 g/ l) and Masai, s.p. (Tebufenpyrad, 200 g/ кg), very dangerous — (2 degree) — Lamdex, mc.s. (Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 50 g/ l), Rimon Fast, SC (Novaluron, 50 g/ l + Bifenthrin, 50 g/ l), Cezar e.c. (Bifenthrin, 100 g/ l) and Sunmite, m.p. (Pyridabem 200 g/ kg). These preparations are highly toxic and decompose in agrophytocenosis slowly, and therefore their use should be limited to reduce environmental risks.

Ефективність вирощування зернових культур за органічного землеробства на схилових агроландшафтах

Goal. To determine the effectiveness of the elements of the technology of growing grain crops on sloping agro-landscapes for the production of organic products. Methods. Field — to observe the growth and development of plants, formation of yield, and assessment of elements of cultivation technology; measuring and measuring-weighing — to determine the yield of crops; laboratory — to determine the qualitative characteristics of agrochemical and physicochemical properties; statistical — to establish the reliability of the obtained research results; calculation-comparative — to assess the economic efficiency of the main elements of cultivation technology. Results. Under organic farming, the use of soil-protecting no-till soil cultivation and the entering biological preparations secured a high soil-protecting effect of degraded sloping agro-landscapes and an increase in the yield of winter wheat by 28% and spring barley by 15%. The positive effect of entering biopreparations on the sowing of grain crops under organic farming, which improves grain quality indicators, is proved. The efficiency of the main tillage methods, taking into account the biological features of crops in the chain of soil-protective crop rotation, was established. The productivity of grain crops (winter wheat and spring barley) at the use of biological preparations and measures of soil protection from erosion, which contributed to the improvement of the ecological and economic situation, were determined. The effectiveness of organic farming using no-till soil cultivation and the entering of biological preparations was proved. These measures ensured the highest yield of winter wheat (3.78–3.79 t/ha), and spring barley (2.45–2.46 t/ha). Conclusions. The use of the proposed organic technology of growing winter wheat and spring barley based on biologization is effective and relevant for the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. It was established that the best agricultural measure was no-tillage soil cultivation with entering biological preparations, thanks to which the productivity of plants increased and the highest average grain yield was formed.

Yield and Quality of Winter Durum Wheat Grain Depending on the Fertiliser System

At present, winter durum wheat is grown after its unpaired predecessors. Under such conditions, fertiliser is important. Therefore, the study of the yield formation and quality of winter durum wheat grain depending on the fertiliser system is relevant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the yield formation and quality of winter durum wheat grain under various fertiliser systems. The study was conducted in conditions of a stationary field experiment of the Uman National University of Horticulture, located in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2020–2021. The experiment was founded in 2011. The following crops are grown in the four-course field crop rotation: winter wheat, corn, spring barley, soybeans. The experiment scheme includes 11 variants of combinations and separate application of mineral fertilisers, including the control option without fertiliser. Grain harvest was performed by direct combining, protein content and gluten content were determined by infrared spectroscopy using Infratek 1241. Statistical data processing was performed using the STATISTICA 10 software. Yield of winter durum wheat grain significantly increased from the fertiliser. However, the effectiveness of their use varied depending on the year of study. Thus, in 2020, it increased by 1.1–1.2 times (3.9-4.1 t hа-1) with long-term use of nitrogen fertilisers alone. Long-term use of complete mineral fertiliser (N150P60K80) significantly affected the grain yield (4.3 t hа-1) compared to variant N150. In 2021, grain yields increased 1.2–1.4 times, depending on the fertiliser system. Notably, the use of N150P60K40 and N150P30K80 in terms of impact on grain yield was at the level of the variant N150P60K80. Paired combinations of fertiliser application were effective at the level of long-term application of N150P30K40. Application of N75P30K40 provided the formation of only 4% lower grain yield compared to N150P30K40. The protein and gluten content was most affected by the nitrogen component of the complete mineral fertiliser. The conducted studies confirm the high reaction of durum wheat to the use of nitrogen fertilisers. The results obtained can be used to predict the productivity of durum winter wheat depending on soil fertility